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Lack of physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. These factors increase the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer and affect all countries ( World Health Organization, 2009). Together, these factors explain 38% of deaths globally. According to the World Health Organization (2009), the risk factors that contribute most significantly to the global mortality rate are high blood pressure (13% of the global death toll), tobacco use (9%), high blood sugar (6%), lack of physical activity (6%), and being overweight or obese (5%). Approximately 50%–75% of patients with schizophrenia have a coronary heart disease ( Hennekens, Hennekens, Hollar, & Casey, 2005). Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in patients with schizophrenia, with a two-fold higher risk than in the general population ( Brown, Inskip, & Barraclough, 2000). The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy people is two to three times higher, and their expected life-span is 20% lower ( Saha, Chant, & McGrath, 2007). Even after treatment with antipsychotic drugs, patients with schizophrenia remain at significant risk of recrudescence and multiple physical complications ( Harvey, Green, Keefe, & Velligan, 2004). Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental disease that is characterized by a significant decrease in global function. On the basis of these findings, aerobic dance is recommended as a nonpharmacological intervention for patients with schizophrenia who are in daycare or rehabilitation settings. Furthermore, although muscular endurance was postively affected during the short-term period, the benefits did not extend into the follow-up examination. This study suggests that an 8-week aerobic dance program may be an effective intervention in patients with schizophrenia in terms of improving bodyweight, body mass index, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance for a period of at least 4 months. Significant between-group differences were observed at posttest and in the follow-up for all of the health-related fitness outcomes with the exception of muscular endurance.
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Twenty-six participants were in the experimental group, and 28 were in the control group. This study used a generalized linear model with a generalized estimating equation method to account for the dependence of repeated measurements and to explore the effects of the intervention on health-related fitness outcomes. These variables were measured before the intervention (pretest) as well as at 8 weeks (posttest) and 12 weeks (follow-up) after the intervention. All of the participants were assessed in terms of the outcome variables, which included bodyweight, body mass index, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Paticipants were assigned randomly into an experimental group, which received the 8-week aerobic dance program intervention, and a control group, which received no intervention. Sixty patients with schizophrenia were recruited from a daycare ward and rehabilitation center at a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. Methods:Īn experimental research design was used.
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This study developed an aerobic dance program for patients with schizophrenia and then evaluated the effect of this program on health-related fitness outcomes. These effects frequently result in a sedentary lifestyle and weight gain, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Both psychiatric symptoms and the side effects of medication significantly affect patients with schizophrenia.